We propose a pseudospin-field-dependent waveguide (PFDW) by constructing a sandwiched heterostructure consisting of three magneto-optical photonic crystals (MOPCs) with different geometric parameters. The upper expanded MOPC applied with an external magnetic field has broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and an analogous quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, while the middle standard and the lower compressed ones are not magnetized and trivial. Attributed to the TRS-broken-QSH effect of the upper MOPC, the topological large-area one-way transmission that uniformly distributes over the middle domain is achieved and exhibits the characteristics of a pseudospin-field-momentum-locking; i.e., pseudospin-down (or pseudospin-up) leftward (or rightward) waveguide state when the positive (or negative) magnetic field is applied on the upper MOPC. We further demonstrate the strong robustness of the PFDW against backscattering from various kinds of defects. In addition, a topological beam modulator that can compress or expand the light beam, and a large-area pseudospin beam splitter have been designed. These results have potential in various applications such as sensing, signal processing, and optical communications.

为了实现高精度连续探测对流层和平流层大气风场，搭建了一台直接测风激光雷达系统对对流层和平流层大气风场进行探测。该系统基于双边缘法布里-珀罗标准具的瑞利散射多普勒测风原理，使用转台式探测结构，通过频率跟踪的手段对频率漂移进行跟踪，确保测风的精度。实验结果表明，该系统对对流层和平流层大气风场探测效果良好，频率跟踪的范围为±50 MHz，可以大大减小频率漂移带来的风速误差。经过系统的稳定运行和长时间的观测，在40 km处测得的径向风速随机误差为8 m/s。径向风速合成为水平风速后，随机误差在38 km处最大为10 m/s左右。该系统白天探测高度为25 km，夜晚探测高度为38 km。与探空数据对比，风速误差均小于10 m/s，其中风速误差在±5 m/s的范围内的数据量约占75.8%，探测的风向误差与探空气球的趋势基本一致，误差范围在10°~20°之间，在15°范围内的数据量约占58.6%。将实测数据与探空数据进行统计分析，结果具有良好的一致性。该系统可以为对流层和平流层大气风场的探测提供数据支撑。

We present a discovery of an unusual unidirectionally rotating windmill scattering of electromagnetic waves by a magnetized gyromagnetic cylinder via an analytical theory for rigorous solution to fields and charges and an understanding of the underlying mathematical and physical mechanisms. Mathematically, the generation of nonzero off-diagonal components can break the symmetry of forward and backward scattering coefficients, producing unidirectional windmill scattering. Physically, this windmill scattering originates from the nonreciprocal unidirectional rotation of polarized magnetic charges on the surface of a magnetized gyromagnetic cylinder, which drives the scattering field to radiate outward in the radial direction and unidirectionally emit in the tangential direction. Interestingly, the unidirectional electromagnetic windmill scattering is insensitive to the excitation direction. Moreover, we also discuss the size dependence of unidirectional windmill scattering by calculating the scattering spectra of the gyromagnetic cylinder. These results are helpful for exploring and understanding novel interactions between electromagnetic waves and gyromagnetic materials or structures and offer deep insights for comprehending topological photonic states in gyromagnetic systems from the aspect of fundamental classical electrodynamics and electromagnetics.

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) offers a powerful means to enhance the Raman scattering signal of a molecule as the localized surface plasmonic resonance will induce a significant local electric field enhancement in the nanoscale hot spot located within the nanogap of the TERS system. In this work, we theoretically show that this nanoscale hot spot can also serve as powerful optical tweezers to tightly trap a molecule. We calculate and analyze the local electric field and field gradient distribution of this nanogap plasmon hot spot. Due to the highly localized electric field, a three-dimensional optical trap can form at the hot spot. Moreover, the optical energy density and optical force acting on a molecule can be greatly enhanced to a level far exceeding the conventional single laser beam optical tweezers. Calculations show that for a single H2TBPP organic molecule, which is modeled as a spherical molecule with a radius of rm=1nm, a dielectric coefficient ε=3, and a polarizability α=4.5×10-38C·m2/V, the stiffness of the hot-spot trap can reach a high value of about 2pN/[(W/cm2)·m] and 40pN/[(W/cm2)·m] in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the TERS tip axis, which is far larger than the stiffness of single-beam tweezers, ～0.4pN/[(W/cm2)·m]. This hard-stiffness will enable the molecules to be stably captured in the plasmon hot spot. Our results indicate that TERS can become a promising tool of optical tweezers for trapping a microscopic object like molecules while implementing Raman spectroscopic imaging and analysis at the same time.

We design and present a switchable slow light rainbow trapping (SLRT) state in a strongly coupling topological photonic system made from a magneto-optical photonic crystal waveguide channel. The waveguide channel supports slow light states with extremely small group velocity (vg=2.1×10 6c), low group-velocity dispersion, and a broadband operation bandwidth (3.60–4.48 GHz, near 22% of bandwidth). These slow light states originate from the strong coupling between two counter propagating topological photonic states. Under a gradient magnetic field, different frequency components of a wave packet are separated and stored at different positions for a long temporal duration with high spatial precision (without crosstalk and overlap between the electric fields of different frequencies) to form SLRT. Besides, these SLRT states can be easily switched among the forbidden state, trapped state, and releasing state by tuning the external magnetic field. The results suggest that the topological photonic state can offer a precise route of spatial-temporal-spectral control upon a light signal and find applications for optical buffers, broadband slow light systems, optical filters, wavelength-division multiplexing, and other optical communication devices.